A SIMPLE STRATEGY TO DESIGN BROADBAND LOW POWER CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTED RAMAN AMPLIFIER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742017v16i31017Keywords:
Optical Communications, Raman Amplifiers, Raman Amplifier OptimizationAbstract
In this work, a simple strategy to design wideband low power consumption Raman amplifiers is demonstrated for a three-pump configuration using a low water peak optical fiber. The approach is based on the introduction of a novel numerical measure, which quantifies and isolates pump-pump interaction contribution to gain profile and analyzes its correlation to amplifier minimum ripple. The method tailors the amplifier gain spectrum over 80nm bandwidth with a ripple smaller than 1dB, a gain on the order of 4dB for up to 75km fiber length, and a total pump power consumption smaller than 300mW
References
[1] A. Jirattigalachote, “Provisioning Strategies for Transparent Optical networks Considering
Transmission Quality, Security, and Energy Efficiency”, PhD Thesis in Microelectronics and
Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden, 2012.
[2] J. D. Añia-Castañon et al, “Simple design method for gain-flattened three- pump Raman
amplifiers”. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 39, issue 3, pp. 213-220 .Springer, 2007.
[3] J. Hu, B. S. Marks, C. R. Menyuk; “Flat-Gain Fiber Raman Amplifiers Using Equally Spaced
Pumps”. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 22(6), pp. 1519-1522, 2004.
[4] S. M. Bilal, M. Zafrullah, M. K. Islam., “Gain Flattening of DWDM channels for the entire C
& L bands”. Journal of Optical Technology, 75, n. 9, pp. 557-560, September 2012.
[5] B. Lee, X. Liu, “Optimal Design for Ultra-Broad-Band Amplifier”. Journal of Lightwave
Technology, 21, n. 12, pp 3446-3455, December 2003.
[6] X. Liu et al, “Optimizing gain profile and noise performance for distributed fiber Raman
amplifiers”. Optics Express, 12, n. 24, pp. 6053-6066, November 2004.
[7] V. E. Perlin and H. G. Winful, “Optimal Design of Flat-Gain Wide-Band Fiber Raman
Amplifiers”. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 20, n. 2, pp. 250-254, February 2002.
[8] Z. LI et al, “Raman amplifier design using geometry compensation technique”. Optics
Express, 12, nº 3, pp. 436-441, February 2004.
[9] G. C. M. Ferreira et al, “Optimization of Distributed Raman Amplifiers Using a Hybrid
Genetic Algorithm With Geometric Compensation Technique”. IEEE Photonics Journal 3, n.
3, pp. 390-399, June 2011
[10] C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, “Simple Design of Raman Fiber Amplifiers using a Multi-objective
Optimizer”. 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications,
pp. 1128-1133, November 2011.
[11] F. Emami, M. Akhlaghi, “Gain Ripple Decrement of S-Band Raman Amplifiers”. IEEE Phot.
Tech. Letter, 24 n. 15, pp. 1349-1352, August 2012.
[12] F. M. Mustafa, A. A. M. Khalaf, F. A. El-Geldawy, “Multi-pumped Raman Amplifier for
Long-Haul UW-WDM Optical Communication Systems: Gain Flatness and Bandwidth
Enhancements”. 15th International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies
(ICACT), pp. 122-127, 2013.
[13] H. Kidorf, K. Rottwitt, M. Nissov et al, "Pump interactions in a 100-nm bandwidth Raman
amplifier", IEEE Phot. Tech. Letter, 11, pp. 530- 532, May 1999.
[14] L. A. M. Saito et al, "Multi-pump discrete Raman amplifier for CWDM system in the Oband", Optical Fiber Technology, 14, pp. 294-298, October 2008.
[15] Stolen and E. P. Ippen, "Raman gain in glass optical waveguides". Appl. Phys. Lett., 22, pp.
276-279, 1973.
[16] R. F. R. de Farias et al, “Study of the quantitative impact of pump-pump interaction in
wideband Raman amplifiers in the S, C and L bands”. Proceedings of SPIE, 7721. April
2010.
[17] R. S. Santos et al, “On the Relation Between Gain Ripple and Pump-Pump Interaction in the
Design of Broad Band Raman Amplifiers”. 16º SBMO - Simpósio Brasileiro de Micro-ondas
e Optoeletrônica e 11º CBMag - Congresso Brasileiro de Eletromagnetismo (MOMAG 2014),
pp. 643-646, 2014.
Transmission Quality, Security, and Energy Efficiency”, PhD Thesis in Microelectronics and
Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden, 2012.
[2] J. D. Añia-Castañon et al, “Simple design method for gain-flattened three- pump Raman
amplifiers”. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 39, issue 3, pp. 213-220 .Springer, 2007.
[3] J. Hu, B. S. Marks, C. R. Menyuk; “Flat-Gain Fiber Raman Amplifiers Using Equally Spaced
Pumps”. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 22(6), pp. 1519-1522, 2004.
[4] S. M. Bilal, M. Zafrullah, M. K. Islam., “Gain Flattening of DWDM channels for the entire C
& L bands”. Journal of Optical Technology, 75, n. 9, pp. 557-560, September 2012.
[5] B. Lee, X. Liu, “Optimal Design for Ultra-Broad-Band Amplifier”. Journal of Lightwave
Technology, 21, n. 12, pp 3446-3455, December 2003.
[6] X. Liu et al, “Optimizing gain profile and noise performance for distributed fiber Raman
amplifiers”. Optics Express, 12, n. 24, pp. 6053-6066, November 2004.
[7] V. E. Perlin and H. G. Winful, “Optimal Design of Flat-Gain Wide-Band Fiber Raman
Amplifiers”. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 20, n. 2, pp. 250-254, February 2002.
[8] Z. LI et al, “Raman amplifier design using geometry compensation technique”. Optics
Express, 12, nº 3, pp. 436-441, February 2004.
[9] G. C. M. Ferreira et al, “Optimization of Distributed Raman Amplifiers Using a Hybrid
Genetic Algorithm With Geometric Compensation Technique”. IEEE Photonics Journal 3, n.
3, pp. 390-399, June 2011
[10] C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, “Simple Design of Raman Fiber Amplifiers using a Multi-objective
Optimizer”. 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications,
pp. 1128-1133, November 2011.
[11] F. Emami, M. Akhlaghi, “Gain Ripple Decrement of S-Band Raman Amplifiers”. IEEE Phot.
Tech. Letter, 24 n. 15, pp. 1349-1352, August 2012.
[12] F. M. Mustafa, A. A. M. Khalaf, F. A. El-Geldawy, “Multi-pumped Raman Amplifier for
Long-Haul UW-WDM Optical Communication Systems: Gain Flatness and Bandwidth
Enhancements”. 15th International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies
(ICACT), pp. 122-127, 2013.
[13] H. Kidorf, K. Rottwitt, M. Nissov et al, "Pump interactions in a 100-nm bandwidth Raman
amplifier", IEEE Phot. Tech. Letter, 11, pp. 530- 532, May 1999.
[14] L. A. M. Saito et al, "Multi-pump discrete Raman amplifier for CWDM system in the Oband", Optical Fiber Technology, 14, pp. 294-298, October 2008.
[15] Stolen and E. P. Ippen, "Raman gain in glass optical waveguides". Appl. Phys. Lett., 22, pp.
276-279, 1973.
[16] R. F. R. de Farias et al, “Study of the quantitative impact of pump-pump interaction in
wideband Raman amplifiers in the S, C and L bands”. Proceedings of SPIE, 7721. April
2010.
[17] R. S. Santos et al, “On the Relation Between Gain Ripple and Pump-Pump Interaction in the
Design of Broad Band Raman Amplifiers”. 16º SBMO - Simpósio Brasileiro de Micro-ondas
e Optoeletrônica e 11º CBMag - Congresso Brasileiro de Eletromagnetismo (MOMAG 2014),
pp. 643-646, 2014.
Downloads
Published
2017-08-01
How to Cite
Renan S. Santos, Maria Aparecida G. Martinez, & Maria Thereza M. R. Giraldi. (2017). A SIMPLE STRATEGY TO DESIGN BROADBAND LOW POWER CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTED RAMAN AMPLIFIER. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications (JMOe), 16(3), 827–840. https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742017v16i31017
Issue
Section
Regular Papers
